Tungsten

Basic siv:

tungsten yog li ntawm 50% rau smelting high-zoo hlau, li 35% rau tsim hard steel, li 10% rau ua tungsten hlau, thiab li 5% rau lwm yam hom phiaj. Tungsten tuaj yeem siv los ua phom, foob pob ua ntxaij propulsion nozzles, armor-piercing mos txwv, hlau txiav hniav, xyaum, super-hard pwm, hlau drawing tuag, thiab lwm yam. Tungsten muaj ntau yam kev siv, nrog rau mining, metallurgy, machinery, kev tsim kho , tsheb thauj mus los, electronics, chemicals, light industry, textiles, tub rog kev lag luam, aerospace, science thiab technology, thiab ntau yam kev lag luam.

Hlau thiab steel kev lag luam:

Feem ntau ntawm tungsten yog siv los tsim cov hlau tshwj xeeb. Cov hlau siv dav dav muaj 9%-24% tungsten, 3.8%-4.6% chromium, 1%-5% vanadium, 4%{{10 }}% ​​cobalt, thiab 0.7%-1.5% carbon. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kub ceev hlau yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua kom txias ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ({16}} degree ) hauv huab cua, yog li nws tuaj yeem tswj tau siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam mus txog rau 600-650 degree . tungsten steel hauv cov cuab yeej alloy steel muaj 0.8%{{20}}.2% tungsten; chromium tungsten silicon steel muaj 2% -2.7% tungsten; chromium tungsten steel muaj 2% -9% tungsten; chromium tungsten manganese steel muaj 0.5% -1.6% tungsten. Tungsten-muaj steel yog siv los tsim ntau yam cuab yeej: xws li laum cov khoom, milling cutters, hlau kos duab tuag, poj niam thiab txiv neej tuag, roj pab cov cuab yeej thiab lwm yam. Tungsten hlau nplaum yog cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov uas muaj 5.2% -6.2% tungsten, 0.68% -0.78% carbon, thiab 0.3% -0.5% chromium. Tungsten cobalt hlau nplaum muaj 11.5%-14.5% tungsten, 5.5%-6.5% molybdenum, thiab 11.5%-12.5% cobalt. Lawv muaj siab magnetization siv thiab coercive quab yuam.

Electro-vacuum teeb pom kev zoo:

Tungsten yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov electron raj, xov tooj cua electronics thiab X-ray technology nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tungsten hlau, tungsten ribbon thiab ntau yam forged Cheebtsam. Tungsten yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau dawb woven filaments thiab kauv xov hlau. Kev khiav hauj lwm kub (2200-2500 degree) ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm siab luminous, thaum qis evaporation tus nqi ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm cov hlau. Tungsten hlau yog siv los ua ncaj qha-rhuab cathodes thiab daim phiaj ntawm hluav taws xob oscillator hlab, cathodes ntawm high-voltage rectifiers thiab sab-rhuab cathode heaters nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tungsten yog siv los ua cov txee cathodes thiab cathodes ntawm X-ray raj thiab cov pa roj tso tawm, nrog rau kev sib cuag ntawm cov khoom siv xov tooj cua thiab cov electrodes ntawm atomic hydrogen vuam phom. tungsten xov hlau thiab tungsten rods yog siv los ua cua sov rau cov cua kub kub (3000 degree). Tungsten heaters ua haujlwm hauv hydrogen gas, inert gas lossis nqus.

Tungsten compounds:

Sodium tungstate yog siv los tsim qee hom xim thiab xim, nrog rau hauv kev lag luam textile rau cov ntaub hnyav thiab sib xyaw nrog ammonium sulfate thiab ammonium phosphate los ua cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws kub thiab tsis muaj dej. Nws kuj yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov hlau tungsten, tungstic acid thiab tungstates, nrog rau dyes, pigments, inks, electroplating, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj yog siv los ua catalyst, thiab lwm yam. Tungstic acid yog mordant thiab dye hauv kev lag luam textile. thiab ib tug catalyst rau zus tau tej cov high-octane roj av nyob rau hauv chemical kev lag luam. Tungsten disulfide yog siv los ua cov roj nplua nyeem thiab cov catalyst hauv cov organic synthesis, xws li hauv kev tsim cov roj hluavtaws hluavtaws. Tungsten trioxide tuaj yeem tau txais thaum kho tungsten ore, thiab tungsten trioxide raug txo nrog hydrogen los tsim tungsten hmoov, uas yog dav siv los ua raw khoom rau cov ntaub ntawv tungsten thiab tungsten metallurgy.

Sib cuag cov ntaub ntawv thiab high-density alloys:

Tungsten-tooj ​​liab alloys (10% -40% tooj liab) thiab tungsten-nyiaj alloys ua los ntawm hmoov metallurgy muaj qhov zoo hluav taws xob conductivity thiab thermal conductivity ntawm tooj liab thiab nyiaj thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm tungsten. Yog li ntawd, nws dhau los ua cov khoom siv zoo heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm riam hloov, Circuit Court breakers, qhov chaw vuam electrodes, thiab lwm yam. High-density alloys nrog ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 90% -95% tungsten, 1% {{8} }% npib tsib xee, thiab 1%-4% tooj liab, nrog rau cov alloys nrog hlau es tsis txhob tooj liab, yog siv los tsim gyroscope rotors, aircraft, sib npaug hnyav rau tswj rudders, hluav taws xob shields thiab pob tawb rau radioactive isotopes, thiab lwm yam.

Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant thiab hnav-resistant alloys:

Raws li cov hlau refractory tshaj plaws, tungsten yog ib feem ntawm ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li alloys muaj li ntawm 3% -15% tungsten, 25% -35% chromium, 45% -65% cobalt, thiab 0.5% -0.75% carbon. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom hnav-tiv taus, xws li li qub ntawm cov tshuab dav hlau, ua haujlwm ntawm cov txiav kub kub, turbine impellers, cov khoom siv khawb, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm plowshares.

Hauv aerospace foob pob hluav taws thev naus laus zis, nrog rau lwm cov haujlwm uas xav tau lub zog thermal ntawm lub tshuab qhov chaw, lub cav thiab qee cov twj paj nruag, alloys ntawm tungsten thiab lwm yam hlau refractory (xws li tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, thiab rhenium) yog siv los ua cov khoom siv cua sov. .

Tungsten carbide-raws li cemented carbide:

Tungsten carbide muaj zog hardness, hnav tsis kam thiab refractory zog. Cov alloys no muaj 85%-95% tungsten carbide thiab 5%-14% cobalt, uas yog siv los ua cov hlau khi kom muab cov hlau tsim nyog. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau kev ua cov hlau hauv qee cov alloys, thiab tseem muaj titanium, tantalum thiab niobium carbides. Tag nrho cov alloys no yog tsim los ntawm hmoov metallurgy. Thaum rhuab mus rau 1000-1100 degree, nws tseem muaj siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam. Kev txiav ceev ntawm cov cuab yeej cemented carbide deb tshaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov cuab yeej steel. Cemented carbide feem ntau yog siv rau kev txiav cov cuab yeej, cov cuab yeej mining thiab hlau kos duab tuag.

Nyob rau hauv aviation thiab foob pob ua ntxaij tshuab, nyob rau hauv lwm yam sectors uas peb yuav tsum tau high thermal zog ntawm lub tshuab qhov chaw, engine thiab ib co twj paj nruag, alloys ntawm tungsten nrog rau lwm yam refractory hlau (tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, rhenium) yog siv raws li thermally resistant cov ntaub ntawv.