TantalumFeem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv tantalite ore thiab yog symbiotic nrog niobium. Tantalum muaj nruab nrab hardness thiab ductility, thiab tuaj yeem kos rau hauv filaments kom nyias foils. Nws thermal expansion coefficient tsawg heev.
1. Tshuaj lom neeg ntawm tantalum:
Tantalum kuj muaj cov tshuaj zoo heev thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion siab heev. Nws tsis hnov mob rau hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid thiab "aqua regia" txawm nyob rau hauv txias lossis kub. Txawm li cas los xij, tantalum tuaj yeem corroded hauv kub concentrated sulfuric acid. Hauv qab 15 0 degree, tantalum yuav tsis raug corroded los ntawm concentrated sulfuric acid. Nws tsuas yog tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj qhov no. Nyob rau hauv concentrated sulfuric acid ntawm 175 degrees rau ib xyoos, lub thickness ntawm corrosion yuav yog 0.0004 mm. Thaum tantalum soaked nyob rau hauv sulfuric acid ntawm 200 degree rau ib xyoos, lub nto txheej tsuas yog puas los ntawm 0.006 hli. Ntawm 250 degrees, tus nqi corrosion tau nce, nrog lub thickness ntawm 0.116 hli ib xyoo. Nyob rau ntawm 300 degrees, tus nqi corrosion yog txawm sai dua. Tom qab ib xyoos ntawm immersion, qhov saum npoo tau corroded los ntawm 1.368 hli. Tus nqi corrosion nyob rau hauv fuming sulfuric acid (muaj 15% SO3) yog hnyav dua li cov concentrated sulfuric acid. Tom qab muab tso rau hauv qhov kev daws teeb meem no ntawm 130 degrees rau ib xyoos, lub thickness ntawm qhov corroded yog 15.6 hli. Tantalum tseem yuav raug corroded los ntawm phosphoric acid ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau tshwm sim saum 150 degrees. Tom qab soaking nyob rau hauv 85% phosphoric acid ntawm 250 degrees rau ib xyoos, lub nto yuav corroded los ntawm 20 hli. Tsis tas li ntawd, tantalum yuav corroded los ntawm hydrofluoric acid thiab nitric acid. Nws tuaj yeem yaj sai sai hauv cov kua qaub sib xyaw thiab tuaj yeem yaj hauv hydrofluoric acid. Tab sis tantalum ntau ntshai ntawm alkali muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv ib tug caustic soda tov nrog ib tug concentration ntawm 110 degrees thiab ib tug concentration ntawm 40%, tantalum yuav sai sai yaj. Nyob rau hauv ib tug poov tshuaj hydroxide tov ntawm tib concentration, nws yuav sai sai yaj ntawm 100 degrees. Tsuas yog rau qhov xwm txheej saum toj no, cov ntsev tsis muaj qab hau feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem corrode tantalum hauv qab 150 degrees. Kev sim tau pom tias tantalum tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj alkali, chlorine gas, dej bromine, dilute sulfuric acid thiab ntau lwm yam tshuaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws tsuas yog reacts nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hydrofluoric acid thiab kub concentrated sulfuric acid. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no kuj tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cov hlau.
Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, oxide zaj duab xis nyob rau saum npoo ntawm tantalum raug rhuav tshem, yog li nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam tshuaj. Tantalum tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog fluorine ntawm chav tsev kub. Ntawm 150 degrees, tantalum yog inert rau chlorine, bromine thiab iodine. Ntawm 250 degrees, tantalum tseem muaj corrosion kuj rau qhuav chlorine. Thaum rhuab mus rau 400 degrees hauv chlorine uas muaj dej vapor, nws tseem tuaj yeem nyob kaj. Ntawm 500 degrees Nws pib corroded. Tantalum reacts nrog bromine saum 300 degrees, thiab yog inert rau iodine vapor kom txog rau thaum kub nce mus txog liab kub. Hydrogen chloride reacts nrog tantalum ntawm 410 degrees los tsim pentachloride, thaum hydrogen bromide reacts nrog tantalum ntawm 375 degrees. Thaum kub txog 200 degrees lossis qis dua, S tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog Ta, thiab carbon thiab hydrocarbons tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog tantalum ntawm 800-1100 degrees.
2. Daim ntawv thov ntawm Tantalum:
Tantalum yog heev resistant rau corrosion. Qhov no ua rau tantalum dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, xws li nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm corrosion-resistant siab hlab ntsha, reactors, pipelines thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Vim nws ruaj khov thiab biocompatibility, tantalum kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv kho mob xws li cov pob qij txha, cov hniav cog hniav thiab cov pacemakers. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv tantalum hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob kuj tseem ceeb heev. Nws zoo hluav taws xob conductivity thiab thermal stability ua tantalum haum rau kev tsim high-end electronics Cheebtsam, xws li capacitors, integrated circuits thiab semiconductor khoom.
Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam aerospace, tantalum lub siab-kub stability thiab corrosion kuj ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov dav hlau thiab foob pob hluav taws. Nws cov ntawv thov suav nrog cov khoom kub-kub xws li nozzles thiab turbine hniav hauv cov tshuab dav hlau. Tantalum kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tsawg, ua rau nws haum raws li cov khoom me me ntawm cov alloys. Nws tuaj yeem hloov qee cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig, xws li platinum, hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv sim.
Tantalumkuj tseem muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov kev siv thev naus laus zis xws li kev lag luam hluav taws xob, kev sib txuas lus thiab kev siv tshuab superconducting, xws li cov khoom siv anode siv hauv kev tsim cov roj teeb lithium-ion, high-frequency circuits thiab antennas. Zuag qhia tag nrho, tantalum yog ntau yam khoom siv uas nws cov ntawv thov hauv ntau qhov chaw tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab lub cev.
